The arrival of the Internet has virtually redefined mankind. Never before has communications been so smooth, fast and accessible. The effect of this legacy gives one the power to command a worldwide audience at one's fingertips. All that is needed is a computer and a telephone line. Today, there is more information posted on the Net than any library in the world. The information from the Net aids numerous individuals and organisations ranging from students conducting research to multinational organisations in need of the latest expertise.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Is used when time is not mentioned, time period has not finished, time is recent and often used with
" for " and " since ". It is formed verb to have + past participle. Verb to have are has, have and had. Had is used for Past Perfect Tense.
( http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pperf.htm )
Example
has generated, have been crippled, has been done.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions.
( http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/past_perfect.html )
Example
had opened, had done.
PREPOSITION
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.
( http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/preposit.html )
Example
among, before, with.
CONJUNCTION
Is a part of speech that connects two words, phrases or clauses together. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" should be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical practical, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar) )
Example
and, but, or, nor.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
( http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses )
Example
The most worthy of all hackers is probably the Analyzer, who at the mere age of seventeen successfully broke into the Pentagon files.
ADJECTIVE
The part of speech that modifies a noun or other substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous, -er,and -est, or syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase. Adjective also is used for any of the words belonging to this part of speech, such as white in the phrase a white house.
( http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/adjective )
Example
ability, numerous, selfish.
ADVERB
An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix, most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.
( http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adverbs.html )
Example
probably, clearly, universally.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
Punctuation marks are symbols that are used to aid the clarity and comprehension of written language. Some common punctuation marks are the period, comma, question mark, exclamation point, apostrophe, quotation mark and hyphen.
( http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/punctuation/ )
Example
comma ( , ) period ( . ) apostrophe ( ' ) hyphen ( - ) colon ( : )
NUMBERS
A number is a mathematical object used in counting and measuring. A notational symbol which represents a number is called a numeral, but in common usage the word number is used for both the abstract object and the symbol, as well as for the word for the number. In addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels (telephone numbers), for ordering (serial numbers). In mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years to include such numbers as zero,negative numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and complex numbers.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number )
Example
26 April 1999, 3 000 000, 794 million.
p / s : There are more grammatical groups that have not been stressed here. For more information regarding the above grammatical groups, we have provided the url for you to search more details about each of them. Thank you for visiting our blog and reading the latest post. Please leave a comment, the goods are from Him, the wrong and false are from us. Thanx!
The Net has, however, generated more criticism than it can possibly handle. The large amount of inaccurate information in cyber space angers all levels of society. It has become a channel for some irresponsible users to champion their own selfish causes while others go on spree of character assassinations. Today, even ten or twelve - year - old minors can set up their own webpage, publish and disseminate their ideas regardless how malicious, erroneous or dangerous their ideas may be. This gets even more ugly in today's dog - eat - dog business environment where not only characters but also the reputations of companies and nations are stake. Large organisations have been crippled by irresponsible " netizens " who post and circulate incorrect information and rumours via the Internet. An example of this when an unidentified source claimed that the Japanese giant Sony intended to buy out ailing software company Apple Computers. It generated shock waves and unnecessary damaging panic in the stock market and computers industry.
Today, the days of protecting access to corporate computers and data with user passwords are no longer safe. With an ever increasing number of contentious " netizens " working hours on their computers, the ability of hackers to breach any password clearly indicates that information can never be too " safe ". The most worthy of all hackers is probably the Analyzer, who at the mere age of seventeen successfully broke into the Pentagon files. Besides spreading top - secret information, the Net is also capable of spreading dangerous virus, which can only be detected after damage has been done. When twenty - four - year - old Chen from Taipei created the Chernobyl computer virus with the aim to humiliate and take revenge on incompetent anti - virus software producers, disaster struck a number of countries in Asia and the Middle - East. Turkey and South Korea each reported 3 000 000 computers damaged on that black Monday, 26 April 1999. Young talents like the Analyzer and Chen make it difficult and expensive for governments, banks, organisations and even individuals to operate using the Internet without first realising the risks and commitment involved.
E-mail, a form of cyber - culture that universally revolutionised communication, has today become nightmare. Workers everywhere today are handling volumes of data which threaten to engulf them. On top of that, they have to deal with unsolicited junk e - mail which causes information overload. In 1997, the British business fielded 794 million items of unsolicited mail and 65 per cent of managers in the UK considered themselves as victims of information overload. All these have prompted many e - mail users to close accounts since their addresses have over time found their way to persistent salesperson.
The rampant display of pornography and violence on the Internet have become a subject of grave concern among parents and governments. The impact of explicit pornography material certainly can affect the minds of both adults and youngsters. The Net too has been linked as a source that has brought about an overall increase in crime all around the world. Many criminals are known to have been influenced by websites on the Net, gaining their violent inspiration from numerous gruesome sites available to all. These sites feature graphic displays of mutilation of justifications of the comission of hate crimes.
The " Information Super Highway " , the " Gutter of Misinformation " and the " Playground for Irresponsible Individuals " - call it what you want, but no one can ignore what the Net has done and is capable of doing for mankind in the future. What needs to be done is to inculcate a greater understanding of this powerful tool at all levels - from governments and organisations, to schools, parents and childrens, before a certain equilibrium can be reached.
( MUET express for Advanced Learners, pg. 49 & 50 )
There are few groups of grammar that have been found in the passage above. We have listed out some example of words according to their groups.
Verb Noun Articles Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Present Cont. Tense Past Cont. Tense
Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Preposition Conjunction Relative Clauses Adjectives Adverbs Punctuation Marks Numbers
Below are explanations of each grammatical groups and some of the words that have been listed out from the passage above.
VERBS
In syntax, a verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that conveys action (bring, read,walk, run, learn), or a state of being (exist, stand). In most languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encodetense, aspect, mood and voice. A verb may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object.
Example
Verb for singular : causes, gives.
Verb for plural : need, display, make.
Verb with " ed " : unsolicited, considered.
NOUN
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. There are many type of nouns such as proper nouns, concrete nouns, common nouns, abstract nouns, countable nouns, non - countable nouns, collective nouns, possessive nouns, nouns for gender and plural nouns.
Example
Nouns : tool, organisation, school, crimes.
Possessive Nouns : today's
ARTICLE
There are only three articles in English and they are a, an and the. Articles is divided into two types, Indefinite and Definite. Indefinite Articles are " a " and " an ". Definite Articles is " the ".
Example
Indefinite articles : a, an.
Definite articles : the.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Is one of the most common tense that has been used in English. Example is, She goes to school everyday.
Example
call, needs, display.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is sometimes called the preterite tense. We can use several tenses to talk about the past, but the simple past tense is the one we use most often.
Example
unsolicited, redefined, needed, posted.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.
Example
are handling, is doing.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use the past continuous tense to describe a past action over a period of time.
Time Line for Past Continuous
Example
was doing, were eating.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Is used when time is not mentioned, time period has not finished, time is recent and often used with
" for " and " since ". It is formed verb to have + past participle. Verb to have are has, have and had. Had is used for Past Perfect Tense.
( http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pperf.htm )
Example
has generated, have been crippled, has been done.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions.
( http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/past_perfect.html )
Example
had opened, had done.
PREPOSITION
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.
( http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/preposit.html )
Example
among, before, with.
CONJUNCTION
Is a part of speech that connects two words, phrases or clauses together. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" should be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical practical, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar) )
Example
and, but, or, nor.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
( http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses )
Example
The most worthy of all hackers is probably the Analyzer, who at the mere age of seventeen successfully broke into the Pentagon files.
ADJECTIVE
The part of speech that modifies a noun or other substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous, -er,and -est, or syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase. Adjective also is used for any of the words belonging to this part of speech, such as white in the phrase a white house.
( http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/adjective )
Example
ability, numerous, selfish.
ADVERB
An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix, most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.
( http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adverbs.html )
Example
probably, clearly, universally.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
Punctuation marks are symbols that are used to aid the clarity and comprehension of written language. Some common punctuation marks are the period, comma, question mark, exclamation point, apostrophe, quotation mark and hyphen.
( http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/punctuation/ )
Example
comma ( , ) period ( . ) apostrophe ( ' ) hyphen ( - ) colon ( : )
NUMBERS
A number is a mathematical object used in counting and measuring. A notational symbol which represents a number is called a numeral, but in common usage the word number is used for both the abstract object and the symbol, as well as for the word for the number. In addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels (telephone numbers), for ordering (serial numbers). In mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years to include such numbers as zero,negative numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and complex numbers.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number )
Example
26 April 1999, 3 000 000, 794 million.
p / s : There are more grammatical groups that have not been stressed here. For more information regarding the above grammatical groups, we have provided the url for you to search more details about each of them. Thank you for visiting our blog and reading the latest post. Please leave a comment, the goods are from Him, the wrong and false are from us. Thanx!
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